Archive

Prediction of Severe Acute Kidney Injury by Positive Renal Angina Index and Cystatin C in Children with Septic Shock: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Adding RAI and cystatin C to standard labs may flag septic children heading for severe AKI earlier, when fluid and nephrotoxin decisions still matter.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 9 Oct

WHO endorses lifestyle changes over GLP-1 drugs in child obesity fight

WHO now advises diet, exercise and counselling first for obese children, so reserve GLP-1s for specialist cases rather than routine paediatric prescribing.

Paediatrics · ETHealthworld · 7 Oct

The public health challenges of children's and adolescents' digital media use: applying the digital determinants of health as an interpretive framework.

Frames screen time as a structural health determinant, giving you a framework to counsel families beyond blanket limits and to flag at-risk adolescents.

Paediatrics · Lancet · 4 Oct

Governing the digital determinants of health for children and young people: a global public health imperative.

Digital platforms shape your young patients' sleep, attention and mental health; this argues for regulating the systems, not single apps, in your anticipatory guidance.

Paediatrics · Lancet · 4 Oct

Comparison of Molecular Methods With Culture for Identifying Microbial Etiology in Pediatric Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.

Molecular testing identifies pathogens culture misses in pediatric empyema, so you can target antibiotics earlier instead of empirically broadening cover.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 2 Oct

Small quantity lipid-based nutritional supplementation and measles vaccination coverage in children aged 6-23 months: a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial.

Card-verified MCV1 uptake was higher with NutriVax (odds ratio 2.08, 95% CI 1.30-3.35, P = 0.004); difference-in-differences showed a 20.1 percentage-point increase from baseline (95% CI 13.7-26.5 pp, P < 0.0001).

Paediatrics · Nature Medicine · 2 Oct

FDA Approves First Heart Valve Designed to Grow with Children

A pulmonary valve that can be expanded in clinic may spare children with congenital pulmonary valve disease repeated open-heart replacements as they grow.

Paediatrics · FDA — Press Announcements · 2 Oct

Antler, Nikhil Kamath back healthtech startup Aignosis with Rs 4 Cr seed round

Company claims more than 8,000 screenings completed; deployed in over 20 government Primary Health Centres in Rajasthan; plans at least 1 lakh screenings by end of FY27.

Paediatrics · Entrackr · 1 Oct

Comparison of Early Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy, Versus Administration After Failure of Intercostal Drainage in Children with Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review.

Timing of intrapleural fibrinolytics in childhood empyema remains unresolved; this review weighs whether early instillation shortens drainage and hospital stay versus waiting for ICD failure.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Microbial Etiology of Empyema Thoracis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Knowing which organisms dominate childhood empyema guides empiric antibiotic choice before culture results return, especially where pneumococcal vaccination coverage is incomplete.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Clinical Practices for Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children: A Survey of Pediatricians in India.

Survey reveals wide variation in how Indian paediatricians diagnose and treat childhood empyema, flagging areas where practice diverges from evidence ahead of national guidelines.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Comparative Efficacy, Safety, and Cost of Different Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Agents for the Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children: A Systematic Review.

Urokinase and alteplase appear comparable for draining pediatric empyema, but cost differences may decide which agent your hospital stocks.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy Versus Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery, as the Initial Treatment Modality, in Children with Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Supports starting intrapleural fibrinolytics before VATS in paediatric empyema, sparing children surgery if outcomes are comparable.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Efficacy, Safety, and Long-Term Outcomes of Shorter (≤ 4 Weeks) Versus Longer (> 4 Weeks) Antibiotic Therapy in Pediatric Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review.

Shorter courses may control pediatric empyema as well as prolonged ones, sparing children weeks of antibiotics and limiting resistance without worsening outcomes.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Predictors of Failure of Medical Management in Children with Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review.

Knowing which clinical and radiological features predict failed medical management in paediatric empyema helps you decide early when to call the surgeon.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy as the Initial Modality, Compared to no Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy, in Children With Empyema: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Pooled odds ratio for failure of therapy was 0.15 (95% CI 0.04-0.50) with fixed-effect model, but 0.14 (95% CI 0.02-1.12) with random-effects model. Serious adverse events were rare and comparable.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Thoracic Computed Tomography Scan Versus Thoracic Ultrasonography for Management Decisions in Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review.

CT found one additional loculated case and one unconfirmed lung abscess; USG showed fibrin strands in all 13 that CT missed; both detected consolidation in 11; no cost or adverse event data

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Early Versus Late(r) Administration of Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy in Children with Empyema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

No RCT addressed the review question. Of 3,110 citations identified, none compared early IPFT (within 24 h of empyema confirmation) with later instillation, so no pooled odds ratios or mean differences could be calculated.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Pandoraea Species Bacteremia in a Neonate: A Case Report

Rare nonfermenters like Pandoraea are misread as Burkholderia, so in a septic neonate with no standard breakpoints, request identification beyond routine panels before choosing therapy.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 30 Sept

Thrombophlebitis in an Adolescent Patient With Primary Carnitine Deficiency: A Case Report

In adolescents with primary carnitine deficiency on oral L-carnitine, consider thrombophlebitis when venous inflammation appears, as supplementation may not fully prevent this complication.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 29 Sept

Cochlear Implants Versus Hearing Aids in Children With Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

In children with auditory neuropathy, cochlear implants may outperform hearing aids when amplification fails, so early audiology referral and candidacy assessment matter for language outcomes.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 29 Sept

Long-Term Outcome of West Syndrome Treated With Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Based Therapy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Reinforces ACTH as first-line for infantile spasms and quantifies the seizure and developmental trajectory you can counsel families to expect.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 29 Sept

A Prospective Observational Study of Infantile Dermatoses in Infants Aged 29 Days to 12 Months at a Rural Tertiary Care Center in North India

Eczematous/inflammatory dermatoses were the largest group (n = 93, 46.5%): atopic dermatitis (n = 28, 14%), diaper dermatitis (n = 25, 12.5%), seborrheic dermatitis (n = 22, 11%), irritant contact dermatitis (n = 15, 7.5%).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 29 Sept

Association Between Time-Weighted Haemoglobin A1c and Longitudinal Changes in Growth Parameters Among Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Each unit rise in time-weighted HbA1c was associated with a fall in height-for-age z-score (beta -0.15, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.04). Effect was larger with diabetes duration over 5 years (beta -0.22) and baseline HbA1c over 9% (beta -0.28).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 28 Sept

Optimal Enteral Iron Dosing in Preterm and Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dose-response data on enteral iron in preterm VLBW infants help you set supplementation that avoids deficiency without added oxidative stress.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 28 Sept

Permissive Blood Pressure Targets in Pediatric Critical Care: The PRESSURE Randomized Clinical Trial.

A permissive MAP target may let you use less vasoactive support in hypotensive critically ill children without worsening outcomes.

Paediatrics · JAMA · 28 Sept

Evidence-Based Guideline on Prioritized Issues for the Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children.

Dominant pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus, then Streptococcus pneumoniae. Empirical cloxacillin plus ceftriaxone is conditionally recommended. IPFT versus no IPFT showed no significant difference for critical outcomes; IPFT preferred over VATS.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 28 Sept

Impact of Step Stool in the Delivery of CPR by Healthcare Providers: a Simulation-Based Study.

Mean compression depth rose 4.5 mm, adequate depth improved 20%, adequate recoil 13%; shortest height tertile gained 10 mm depth. 83.3% reported greater comfort.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 28 Sept

Non-invasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NIV-Nava): Four-Year Experience in a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

NIV-NAVA synchronises support to the diaphragm's electrical signal, so consider it for preterm infants failing standard non-invasive ventilation before escalating to intubation.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 26 Sept

Central Auditory Processing Disorder in Children: A Multidisciplinary Approach

No quantitative results reported. The panel describes roles for each specialty: otolaryngology excludes peripheral causes, audiology tests central processing, psychology assesses cognitive and emotional factors.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 26 Sept

Cerebral/Cortical Visual Impairment in Primary Care: Extending the Evidence to Family Medicine

Family physicians rarely screen for CVI, a leading cause of childhood visual loss; asking about visual behaviour in children with developmental delay could catch it earlier.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 24 Sept

Breaking the Storm: Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activation Syndrome as the First Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus/Mixed Connective Tissue Disease in an Adolescent Successfully Treated With Anakinra

In a febrile adolescent not responding to antibiotics, consider MAS as the first sign of SLE; anakinra can achieve rapid remission.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 24 Sept

Aquatic Interventions for Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Motor, Sleep, Executive Function, and Adaptive Measures

Pooled estimates favored aquatic intervention for sleep (g = 1.76, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.37), motor and balance (g = 1.49, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.07), and executive function (g = 0.92, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.46); social and adaptive outcomes were not significant (g = 0.38, 95% CI −0.17 to 0.94).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 24 Sept

Tuberculosis of the Sphenoid Sinus Causing Blindness in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

In a TB-endemic setting, consider sphenoid sinus TB in a child with vision loss and sinus opacities, since it mimics malignancy and delays cost vision.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 24 Sept

Etuvetidigene Autotemcel for the Treatment of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome.

Severe infections fell from 2.00 to 0.15 per person-year (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.39); moderate or severe bleeding fell from 2.00 to 0.80 per person-year (95% CI, 0.49 to 1.22). Overall survival at 1 and 5 years was 96%.

Paediatrics · NEJM · 24 Sept

Effectiveness of Saline Nasal Irrigation in the Treatment of Rhinosinusitis and Allergic Rhinitis in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review

In acute sinusitis, irrigation improved nasal peak expiratory flow and quality of life (p < 0.05) but not radiographs. In allergic rhinitis, within-group gains only; between-group PC20 difference was not significant (p = 0.186).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 23 Sept

Reliability and Validity of the Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale in Mechanically Ventilated Neonates: A Systematic Review

N-PASS shows acceptable reliability and validity for titrating sedation in ventilated neonates, giving NICU teams a structured score where pain cannot be self-reported.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue Mimicking a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst in a Child: A Diagnostic Pitfall Leading to Postoperative Hypothyroidism

Image the neck before excising a presumed thyroglossal duct cyst in a child — ectopic tissue may be the only thyroid, and removal causes permanent hypothyroidism.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept

Critical Tracheal Compression by a Double Aortic Arch in a Young Infant: A Case Report

In a stridulous infant, consider a vascular ring before labelling it congenital airway disease; the ring is surgically correctable and imaging confirms it.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept

Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Compared With Intubation-Surfactant-Extubation (INSURE), Nebulised Surfactant, and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Alone in Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Versus CPAP alone, MIST halved intubation within 72 hours (36.5% vs 72.1%; RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.40-0.64; high certainty) and reduced pneumothorax. BPD among survivors fell (0.83, 0.70-0.98); death or BPD did not (0.87, 0.74-1.03).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept