Archive

Rates of Diabetes Diagnoses and Diabetic Ketoacidosis Episodes Before Versus During the COVID-19 Pandemic

If pandemic-era children presented with more severe DKA at diabetes onset, lower your threshold for glucose testing in sick kids and counsel families on earlier symptom recognition.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 11h

Timing and Predictors of Renal Involvement in Childhood Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Vasculitis: A Systematic Review of De-intensification of Renal Surveillance

Before you shorten urine monitoring in a child with IgA vasculitis, this review maps when nephritis actually appears and which patients still warrant prolonged surveillance.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 1d

Temporal Trend of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Notifications in Brazil: An Ecological Time-Series Study, 2016–2025

AFP notification rates measure polio surveillance sensitivity; this shows whether Brazil's system would catch a reintroduction, the same metric your district uses for polio-free certification.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 1d

Prenatal-Onset Seizures, Multimodal Treatment Response, and Precision Therapy Considerations in KCNT1 p.Arg474His Epilepsy of Infancy With Migrating Focal Seizures: A Case Report

Seizures were refractory to levetiracetam and phenobarbital and worsened paradoxically with sodium channel-acting antiseizure medications. After a multimodal regimen including cannabidiol and a ketogenic diet, a transient seizure-free interval occurred.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 2d

Progression of Coronary Artery Abnormalities Following Timely Intravenous Immunoglobulin Administration in Children With Incomplete Kawasaki Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Among 360 without baseline abnormalities, 24 (6.7%) developed new coronary abnormalities. Abnormalities rose from 36 (9.1%) to 51 (12.9%) overall; mean maximum z-score rose 1.09 to 1.32 (difference 0.23; 95% CI 0.08-0.38)

Paediatrics · Cureus · 2d

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome in Children: A Case Series

Perioral pigmentation in a child warrants GI polyp surveillance for STK11-related PJS, since intussusception and later malignancy risk drive early screening decisions.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 2d

Treatment and tracking algorithm for iron deficiency anaemia among children and adolescents- a policy informed evidence- based framework for India.

Two algorithms were produced, one for mild and one for moderate-to-severe anaemia, covering treatment initiation, follow-up and response assessment; haemoglobin is first-line testing, with serum ferritin and CRP reserved for non-responders.

Paediatrics · Indian journal of medical research · 4d

Hydrocortisone Versus Dexamethasone Initiated in the Second Postnatal Week in Preterm Neonates at Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Retrospective Exploratory Comparative Study

When starting steroids in week two for BPD risk, this comparison helps you weigh hydrocortisone against dexamethasone, though its retrospective design limits how far you can generalise.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 5d

Prone positioning and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in early paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PROSpect): an international, two-by-two factorial, response-adaptive, phase 3, randomised controlled trial.

Phase 3 factorial data on prone positioning and HFOV in early PARDS should settle a common ICU practice question where current evidence is inconclusive.

Paediatrics · Lancet · 5d

Linezolid-Induced Cardiac Arrest in an Adolescent: A Case Report

Linezolid is used widely for resistant gram-positive infections in ventilated children; this report flags a rare arrhythmic risk worth monitoring for on prolonged courses.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 5d

The “Well-Appearing Trap”: Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Prompting the Diagnosis of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

In a well-looking infant with poor feeding or sweating, bedside POCUS showing reduced LV function and a dilated RCA should prompt urgent echo for ALCAPA before discharge.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 6d

Operationalising a Comprehensive Lactation Management Centre in a Tertiary NICU in North India: A Retrospective Implementation Study With Before-After Comparison of Breastfeeding and Counselling Coverage

Embedding counselling and donor milk banking in the NICU improved breastfeeding and counselling coverage — a replicable model for your unit's feeding protocols.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 6d

Early Phosphate-to-Amino Acid Provision and Refeeding Syndrome in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review

If you start high amino acids in ELBW infants, watch phosphate: hypophosphatemia with hypercalcemia signals a neonatal refeeding syndrome that early phosphate provision may prevent.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 6d

Association Between Vitamin A Deficiency and Pneumonia Severity in Hospitalized Children Aged Six Months to Five Years

If admission retinol tracks pneumonia severity in under-fives, it may flag children needing closer monitoring — though infection itself lowers retinol, so causality stays unclear.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 7d

Multifocal Disseminated Tuberculosis Involving the Lung, Hilar Lymph Node, Femur, and Thigh in an Immunocompetent 14-Month-Old Child

In an endemic setting, a toddler with lung and bone lesions can have disseminated TB despite normal immunity — consider it before assuming malignancy or pyogenic infection.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 8d

Infantile Meningitis Due to Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii: A Case Report Highlighting Treatment Challenges

MDR Acinetobacter neonatal meningitis leaves few antibiotic options; suspect it early in healthcare-associated sepsis and involve microbiology before empirical escalation fails.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 8d

An Audit of the Management of Neonatal Jaundice in a Level 2 Neonatology Unit of a Maternity Hospital Against the 2023 NICE Guidelines

Overall NICE adherence was 54.3% (25/46) against a 100% standard. Visual jaundice was present in 91.3% (42/46) but only 21.7% (10/46) had bilirubin levels requiring phototherapy.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 8d

Association Between Early-Onset Atopic Dermatitis and Risk of Asthma in Individuals With a Family History of Atopy: A Systematic Review

In infants with family atopy, early eczema marks raised asthma risk — ask about family history and counsel parents on watching for wheeze.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 8d

Clinical Outcomes Following Intravenous Saline Infusion in Adolescents With Refractory Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

Retrospective data on whether IV saline during flares actually improves function in refractory adolescent POTS, and what adverse events to expect before you commit a teenager to repeated infusions.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 8d

Impact of a large measles outbreak associated with transmission in the Americas and Canada's loss of measles elimination status: descriptive cohort study.

Elimination status can be lost once importation meets under-vaccinated clusters — check MMR status at every paediatric visit, including travel-related catch-up.

Paediatrics · BMJ · 8d

Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Presenting as Fetal Ventriculomegaly and Obstructive Hydrocephalus in a Newborn: A Case Report

Antenatal ventriculomegaly with postnatal macrocephaly and refractory seizures can be a rare aggressive neonatal astrocytoma, so image early rather than assume benign hydrocephalus.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 9d

Lack of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 imprinting promotes Omicron sublineage BA.3.2.2 infection in children.

Explains why children without ancestral-strain exposure are catching BA.3.2.2 preferentially — relevant when advising parents on risk and interpreting paediatric test positivity.

Paediatrics · Nature microbiology · 10d

Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Bloodstream Isolates in Children: A Three-Year Study From North India

Non-albicans Candida now dominates paediatric bloodstream infections here, so empiric antifungal choice in a sick neonate should follow local susceptibility, not albicans-era habits.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 12d

Prenatal Opioid Exposure and Subsequent Risk of Fractures in Children: An Emulated Target Trial Using a Nationwide Birth Cohort.

If prenatal opioid exposure raises childhood fracture risk, exposed infants warrant closer growth and injury surveillance — though this Korean cohort needs replication before changing Indian practice.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 12d

Nirsevimab Implementation and Primary Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Infants in Spain: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Spanish primary-care data on how infant RSV LRTI visits and management shifted after nirsevimab rollout — useful when counselling Indian parents on monoclonal antibody prophylaxis.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 12d

Comparative Interpretation of Pediatric Electrocardiograms by Large Language Models and a Pediatrician.

Before you let an AI read a child's ECG, know that general-purpose chatbots misread paediatric tracings in characteristic ways a paediatrician does not.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 12d

Transparent Film Dressing Versus Microporous Paper Tape for Temperature Probe Fixation in Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Any skin damage was comparable: 41/64 (64.1%) with paper tape versus 38/64 (59.4%) with film dressing, P=0.585. Dryness was more frequent with paper tape (54.7% vs 31.3%, P=0.007); erythema and breakdown did not differ.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 12d

Clinical Survival and Failure Patterns of Stainless Steel Crowns Under General Anesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Knowing SSC failure rates after GA placement helps you decide which primary molars need crowns versus fillings, and when repeat anaesthesia is likely.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 13d

Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Ondansetron in Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review of Clinical Profiles, Healthcare Utilization, and Hospital Outcomes

RCTs: fewer vomiting episodes at 48 hours (adjusted rate ratio 0.76; 95% CI 0.67-0.87); less moderate-to-severe disease (5.1% vs 12.5%; adjusted OR 0.50); IV fluids 14% vs 31% (RR 0.46). Adverse events similar (7.0% vs 7.1%).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 14d

FSSAI issues notices to Nestle, Zydus over 'misleading' claims

When parents ask whether HMO-fortified formula boosts immunity, the regulator's stance is that such claims overstate benefit in a specific physiological condition.

Paediatrics · ETHealthworld · 14d

Ischemic Stroke in Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Report of Three Cases and a Review of the Literature

All three presented with acute focal deficits (hemiparesis, facial paralysis); imaging confirmed cerebral ischemia, with Moyamoya syndrome on MRI in one. One had recurrent strokes and one died of acute chest syndrome in hospital.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 14d

Global and regional burden of measles and vaccine coverage among children under 5 years, 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease Study.

Stagnant coverage is translating into real under-5 measles deaths again — check and catch up on missed MMR doses in your paediatric patients.

Paediatrics · Nature Medicine · 21 Oct

Global, regional and national burden of pertussis in 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease study.

Pertussis still kills infants despite routine immunisation, so keep it high in the differential for any young infant with paroxysmal cough or apnoea, and check maternal and infant vaccine status.

Paediatrics · Nature Medicine · 21 Oct

Obesity in Children Aged 2 to 12 Years: A Review.

Intensive health behaviour and lifestyle treatment reduced BMI by 0.7 versus non-participation. In one randomised trial in children aged 6 to under 12, liraglutide reduced BMI by 7.4% versus placebo. Setmelanotide is approved only for rare monogenic and syndromic obesity.

Paediatrics · JAMA · 21 Oct

Seizure-Onset Intracerebral Hemorrhage of Undetermined Etiology in a Child: Anesthetic, Intensive Care, and Rehabilitation Management

A child with new seizures and altered consciousness may have a hemorrhagic stroke, not meningitis or metabolic illness; imaging early and involve anaesthesia and rehab teams.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 20 Oct

Projected Effect of 2026 Federal Changes to the Childhood Immunization Schedule on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections in the United States.

Modelling shows dropping birth-dose HBV vaccination would raise chronic infections in newborns — relevant if you counsel parents or advise on catch-up schedules.

Paediatrics · Annals · 20 Oct

FSSAI proposes banning addition of fructose, sucrose in baby food products

If finalised, infant formula and complementary feeds sold in India cannot contain added sucrose or fructose — check labels on what you currently recommend to parents.

Paediatrics · ETHealthworld · 19 Oct

SIV reservoir depletion and clearance from neonatal macaques following transient CCR5 depletion.

After ART cessation, rebound occurred quickly in all animals on ART alone, while most given CCR5/CD3 bispecific antibody remained aviraemic for >3 months; several to end of follow-up, with no replication-competent virus detected

Paediatrics · Nature microbiology · 19 Oct

Measles update: US passes 4,000 cases, Pennsylvania reports sixth death

Falling vaccination coverage is driving measles resurgence with deaths; check and catch up MMR status in unvaccinated children and adults at every visit.

Paediatrics · Fierce Healthcare · 13 Oct

Follow-up Outcomes of 100 Children with Frequently Relapsing and Steroid Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome Treated with Oral Cyclophosphamide: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Response rate was 67%, with median relapse-free interval 9.1 months. At median follow-up 72.5 months, 28% achieved sustained remission and 69% had infrequent relapses; 56% needed another steroid-sparing agent.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 13 Oct